ESP Local Control

Overview

ESP Local Control (esp_local_ctrl) component in ESP-IDF provides capability to control an ESP device over Wi-Fi + HTTPS or BLE. It provides access to application defined properties that are available for reading / writing via a set of configurable handlers.

Initialization of the esp_local_ctrl service over BLE transport is performed as follows:

esp_local_ctrl_config_t config = {
    .transport = ESP_LOCAL_CTRL_TRANSPORT_BLE,
    .transport_config = {
        .ble = & (protocomm_ble_config_t) {
            .device_name  = SERVICE_NAME,
            .service_uuid = {
                /* LSB <---------------------------------------
                * ---------------------------------------> MSB */
                0x21, 0xd5, 0x3b, 0x8d, 0xbd, 0x75, 0x68, 0x8a,
                0xb4, 0x42, 0xeb, 0x31, 0x4a, 0x1e, 0x98, 0x3d
            }
        }
    },
    .handlers = {
        /* User defined handler functions */
        .get_prop_values = get_property_values,
        .set_prop_values = set_property_values,
        .usr_ctx         = NULL,
        .usr_ctx_free_fn = NULL
    },
    /* Maximum number of properties that may be set */
    .max_properties = 10
};

/* Start esp_local_ctrl service */
ESP_ERROR_CHECK(esp_local_ctrl_start(&config));

Similarly for HTTPS transport:

/* Set the configuration */
httpd_ssl_config_t https_conf = HTTPD_SSL_CONFIG_DEFAULT();

/* Load server certificate */
extern const unsigned char cacert_pem_start[] asm("_binary_cacert_pem_start");
extern const unsigned char cacert_pem_end[]   asm("_binary_cacert_pem_end");
https_conf.cacert_pem = cacert_pem_start;
https_conf.cacert_len = cacert_pem_end - cacert_pem_start;

/* Load server private key */
extern const unsigned char prvtkey_pem_start[] asm("_binary_prvtkey_pem_start");
extern const unsigned char prvtkey_pem_end[]   asm("_binary_prvtkey_pem_end");
https_conf.prvtkey_pem = prvtkey_pem_start;
https_conf.prvtkey_len = prvtkey_pem_end - prvtkey_pem_start;

esp_local_ctrl_config_t config = {
    .transport = ESP_LOCAL_CTRL_TRANSPORT_HTTPD,
    .transport_config = {
        .httpd = &https_conf
    },
    .handlers = {
        /* User defined handler functions */
        .get_prop_values = get_property_values,
        .set_prop_values = set_property_values,
        .usr_ctx         = NULL,
        .usr_ctx_free_fn = NULL
    },
    /* Maximum number of properties that may be set */
    .max_properties = 10
};

/* Start esp_local_ctrl service */
ESP_ERROR_CHECK(esp_local_ctrl_start(&config));

Creating a property

Now that we know how to start the esp_local_ctrl service, let’s add a property to it. Each property must have a unique name (string), a type (e.g. enum), flags (bit fields) and size.

The size is to be kept 0, if we want our property value to be of variable length (e.g. if its a string or bytestream). For fixed length property value data-types, like int, float, etc., setting the size field to the right value, helps esp_local_ctrl to perform internal checks on arguments received with write requests.

The interpretation of type and flags fields is totally upto the application, hence they may be used as enumerations, bitfields, or even simple integers. One way is to use type values to classify properties, while flags to specify characteristics of a property.

Here is an example property which is to function as a timestamp. It is assumed that the application defines TYPE_TIMESTAMP and READONLY, which are used for setting the type and flags fields here.

/* Create a timestamp property */
esp_local_ctrl_prop_t timestamp = {
    .name        = "timestamp",
    .type        = TYPE_TIMESTAMP,
    .size        = sizeof(int32_t),
    .flags       = READONLY,
    .ctx         = func_get_time,
    .ctx_free_fn = NULL
};

/* Now register the property */
esp_local_ctrl_add_property(&timestamp);

Also notice that there is a ctx field, which is set to point to some custom func_get_time(). This can be used inside the property get / set handlers to retrieve timestamp.

Here is an example of get_prop_values() handler, which is used for retrieving the timestamp.

static esp_err_t get_property_values(size_t props_count,
                                     const esp_local_ctrl_prop_t *props,
                                     esp_local_ctrl_prop_val_t *prop_values,
                                     void *usr_ctx)
{
    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < props_count; i++) {
        ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Reading %s", props[i].name);
        if (props[i].type == TYPE_TIMESTAMP) {
            /* Obtain the timer function from ctx */
            int32_t (*func_get_time)(void) = props[i].ctx;

            /* Use static variable for saving the value.
             * This is essential because the value has to be
             * valid even after this function returns.
             * Alternative is to use dynamic allocation
             * and set the free_fn field */
            static int32_t ts = func_get_time();
            prop_values[i].data = &ts;
        }
    }
    return ESP_OK;
}

Here is an example of set_prop_values() handler. Notice how we restrict from writing to read-only properties.

static esp_err_t set_property_values(size_t props_count,
                                     const esp_local_ctrl_prop_t *props,
                                     const esp_local_ctrl_prop_val_t *prop_values,
                                     void *usr_ctx)
{
    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < props_count; i++) {
        if (props[i].flags & READONLY) {
            ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Cannot write to read-only property %s", props[i].name);
            return ESP_ERR_INVALID_ARG;
        } else {
            ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Setting %s", props[i].name);

            /* For keeping it simple, lets only log the incoming data */
            ESP_LOG_BUFFER_HEX_LEVEL(TAG, prop_values[i].data,
                                     prop_values[i].size, ESP_LOG_INFO);
        }
    }
    return ESP_OK;
}

For complete example see protocols/esp_local_ctrl

Client Side Implementation

The client side implementation will have establish a protocomm session with the device first, over the supported mode of transport, and then send and receive protobuf messages understood by the esp_local_ctrl service. The service will translate these messages into requests and then call the appropriate handlers (set / get). Then, the generated response for each handler is again packed into a protobuf message and transmitted back to the client.

See below the various protobuf messages understood by the esp_local_ctrl service:

1. get_prop_count : This should simply return the total number of properties supported by the service
2. get_prop_values : This accepts an array of indices and should return the information (name, type, flags) and values of the properties corresponding to those indices
3. set_prop_values : This accepts an array of indices and an array of new values, which are used for setting the values of the properties corresponding to the indices

Note that indices may or may not be the same for a property, across multiple sessions. Therefore, the client must only use the names of the properties to uniquely identify them. So, every time a new session is established, the client should first call get_prop_count and then get_prop_values, hence form an index to name mapping for all properties. Now when calling set_prop_values for a set of properties, it must first convert the names to indexes, using the created mapping. As emphasized earlier, the client must refresh the index to name mapping every time a new session is established with the same device.

The various protocomm endpoints provided by esp_local_ctrl are listed below:

Endpoints provided by ESP Local Control

Endpoint Name (BLE + GATT Server)	URI (HTTPS Server + mDNS)	Description
esp_local_ctrl/version	https://<mdns-hostname>.local/esp_local_ctrl/version	Endpoint used for retrieving version string
esp_local_ctrl/control	https://<mdns-hostname>.local/esp_local_ctrl/control	Endpoint used for sending / receiving control messages

API Reference

Header File

• esp_local_ctrl/include/esp_local_ctrl.h

Functions

const esp_local_ctrl_transport_t *esp_local_ctrl_get_transport_ble(void)

Function for obtaining BLE transport mode.

const esp_local_ctrl_transport_t *esp_local_ctrl_get_transport_httpd(void)

Function for obtaining HTTPD transport mode.

esp_err_t esp_local_ctrl_start(const esp_local_ctrl_config_t *config)

Start local control service.

Return

• ESP_OK : Success
• ESP_FAIL : Failure

Parameters

• config: Pointer to configuration structure

esp_err_t esp_local_ctrl_stop(void)

Stop local control service.

esp_err_t esp_local_ctrl_add_property(const esp_local_ctrl_prop_t *prop)

Add a new property.

This adds a new property and allocates internal resources for it. The total number of properties that could be added is limited by configuration option max_properties

Return

• ESP_OK : Success
• ESP_FAIL : Failure

Parameters

• prop: Property description structure

esp_err_t esp_local_ctrl_remove_property(const char *name)

Remove a property.

This finds a property by name, and releases the internal resources which are associated with it.

Return

• ESP_OK : Success
• ESP_ERR_NOT_FOUND : Failure

Parameters

• name: Name of the property to remove

const esp_local_ctrl_prop_t *esp_local_ctrl_get_property(const char *name)

Get property description structure by name.

This API may be used to get a property’s context structure esp_local_ctrl_prop_t when its name is known

Return

• Pointer to property
• NULL if not found

Parameters

• name: Name of the property to find

esp_err_t esp_local_ctrl_set_handler(const char *ep_name, protocomm_req_handler_t handler, void *user_ctx)

Register protocomm handler for a custom endpoint.

This API can be called by the application to register a protocomm handler for an endpoint after the local control service has started.

Note

In case of BLE transport the names and uuids of all custom endpoints must be provided beforehand as a part of the protocomm_ble_config_t structure set in esp_local_ctrl_config_t, and passed to esp_local_ctrl_start().

Return

• ESP_OK : Success
• ESP_FAIL : Failure

Parameters

• ep_name: Name of the endpoint
• handler: Endpoint handler function
• user_ctx: User data

Unions

union esp_local_ctrl_transport_config_t

#include <esp_local_ctrl.h>

Transport mode (BLE / HTTPD) configuration.

Public Members

esp_local_ctrl_transport_config_ble_t *ble

This is same as protocomm_ble_config_t. See protocomm_ble.h for available configuration parameters.

esp_local_ctrl_transport_config_httpd_t *httpd

This is same as httpd_ssl_config_t. See esp_https_server.h for available configuration parameters.

Structures

struct esp_local_ctrl_prop

Property description data structure, which is to be populated and passed to the esp_local_ctrl_add_property() function.

Once a property is added, its structure is available for read-only access inside get_prop_values() and set_prop_values() handlers.

Public Members

char *name

Unique name of property

uint32_t type

Type of property. This may be set to application defined enums

size_t size

Size of the property value, which:

• if zero, the property can have values of variable size
• if non-zero, the property can have values of fixed size only, therefore, checks are performed internally by esp_local_ctrl when setting the value of such a property

uint32_t flags

Flags set for this property. This could be a bit field. A flag may indicate property behavior, e.g. read-only / constant

void *ctx

Pointer to some context data relevant for this property. This will be available for use inside the get_prop_values and set_prop_values handlers as a part of this property structure. When set, this is valid throughout the lifetime of a property, till either the property is removed or the esp_local_ctrl service is stopped.

void (*ctx_free_fn)(void *ctx)

Function used by esp_local_ctrl to internally free the property context when esp_local_ctrl_remove_property() or esp_local_ctrl_stop() is called.

struct esp_local_ctrl_prop_val

Property value data structure. This gets passed to the get_prop_values() and set_prop_values() handlers for the purpose of retrieving or setting the present value of a property.

Public Members

void *data

Pointer to memory holding property value

size_t size

Size of property value

void (*free_fn)(void *data)

This may be set by the application in get_prop_values() handler to tell esp_local_ctrl to call this function on the data pointer above, for freeing its resources after sending the get_prop_values response.

struct esp_local_ctrl_handlers

Handlers for receiving and responding to local control commands for getting and setting properties.

Public Members

esp_err_t (*get_prop_values)(size_t props_count, const esp_local_ctrl_prop_t props[], esp_local_ctrl_prop_val_t prop_values[], void *usr_ctx)

Handler function to be implemented for retrieving current values of properties.

Note

If any of the properties have fixed sizes, the size field of corresponding element in prop_values need to be set

Return

Returning different error codes will convey the corresponding protocol level errors to the client :

• ESP_OK : Success
• ESP_ERR_INVALID_ARG : InvalidArgument
• ESP_ERR_INVALID_STATE : InvalidProto
• All other error codes : InternalError

Parameters

• props_count: Total elements in the props array
• props: Array of properties, the current values for which have been requested by the client
• prop_values: Array of empty property values, the elements of which need to be populated with the current values of those properties specified by props argument
• usr_ctx: This provides value of the usr_ctx field of esp_local_ctrl_handlers_t structure

esp_err_t (*set_prop_values)(size_t props_count, const esp_local_ctrl_prop_t props[], const esp_local_ctrl_prop_val_t prop_values[], void *usr_ctx)

Handler function to be implemented for changing values of properties.

Note

If any of the properties have variable sizes, the size field of the corresponding element in prop_values must be checked explicitly before making any assumptions on the size.

Return

Returning different error codes will convey the corresponding protocol level errors to the client :

• ESP_OK : Success
• ESP_ERR_INVALID_ARG : InvalidArgument
• ESP_ERR_INVALID_STATE : InvalidProto
• All other error codes : InternalError

Parameters

• props_count: Total elements in the props array
• props: Array of properties, the values for which the client requests to change
• prop_values: Array of property values, the elements of which need to be used for updating those properties specified by props argument
• usr_ctx: This provides value of the usr_ctx field of esp_local_ctrl_handlers_t structure

void *usr_ctx

Context pointer to be passed to above handler functions upon invocation. This is different from the property level context, as this is valid throughout the lifetime of the esp_local_ctrl service, and freed only when the service is stopped.

void (*usr_ctx_free_fn)(void *usr_ctx)

Pointer to function which will be internally invoked on usr_ctx for freeing the context resources when esp_local_ctrl_stop() is called.

struct esp_local_ctrl_config

Configuration structure to pass to esp_local_ctrl_start()

Public Members

const esp_local_ctrl_transport_t *transport

Transport layer over which service will be provided

esp_local_ctrl_transport_config_t transport_config

Transport layer over which service will be provided

esp_local_ctrl_handlers_t handlers

Register handlers for responding to get/set requests on properties

size_t max_properties

This limits the number of properties that are available at a time

Macros

ESP_LOCAL_CTRL_TRANSPORT_BLE

ESP_LOCAL_CTRL_TRANSPORT_HTTPD

Type Definitions

typedef struct esp_local_ctrl_prop esp_local_ctrl_prop_t

Property description data structure, which is to be populated and passed to the esp_local_ctrl_add_property() function.

Once a property is added, its structure is available for read-only access inside get_prop_values() and set_prop_values() handlers.

typedef struct esp_local_ctrl_prop_val esp_local_ctrl_prop_val_t

Property value data structure. This gets passed to the get_prop_values() and set_prop_values() handlers for the purpose of retrieving or setting the present value of a property.

typedef struct esp_local_ctrl_handlers esp_local_ctrl_handlers_t

Handlers for receiving and responding to local control commands for getting and setting properties.

typedef struct esp_local_ctrl_transport esp_local_ctrl_transport_t

Transport mode (BLE / HTTPD) over which the service will be provided.

This is forward declaration of a private structure, implemented internally by esp_local_ctrl.

typedef struct protocomm_ble_config esp_local_ctrl_transport_config_ble_t

Configuration for transport mode BLE.

This is a forward declaration for protocomm_ble_config_t. To use this, application must set CONFIG_BT_BLUEDROID_ENABLED and include protocomm_ble.h.

typedef struct httpd_ssl_config esp_local_ctrl_transport_config_httpd_t

Configuration for transport mode HTTPD.

This is a forward declaration for httpd_ssl_config_t. To use this, application must set CONFIG_ESP_HTTPS_SERVER_ENABLE and include esp_https_server.h

typedef struct esp_local_ctrl_config esp_local_ctrl_config_t

Configuration structure to pass to esp_local_ctrl_start()

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